Ans. The Election Commission is an independent constitutional authority, which was established in 1950. From 1950 to October 1989, the Government of India appointed two extra Elections Commissioners to it. But these posts of two Additional Commissioners were abolished on January 1, 1990. Again, the President of India appointed two more Election Commissions to the Election Commission on October 1. 1993 and an amendment was made in the concerned Act of 1991 providing for equal powers, salaries and allowances etc. for the other two Election Commissioners. This Amended Act was challenged in the Supreme Court. Rejecting the challenge a bench of 5 Supreme Court Judges approved the amended Act referred to above on iuly 14,1995.
Structure
13.0 Learning Outcome
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Initiatives towards Constitutional Status to Local Governance
13.2.1 Features of 73rd Constitutional Amendment
13.2.2 Features of 74th Constitutional Amendment
13.2.3 Decentralised Planning in Context of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
13.3 Initiatives after Economic Reforms
13.4 Functioning of PRIs in Various States after 73rd Amendment
13.5 Functioning of Local Governance after 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment: Observations
13.6 Conclusion
13.7 Key Concepts
13.8 References and Further Reading
13.9 Activities
13.0 LEARNING OUTCOME
After studying this Unit you should be able to:
• Identify the background of revitalisation of local governance;
• Understand the features of 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment;
• Discuss the initiatives after economic reforms; and
• Outlines the functioning of local governance in various states after the amendment.
13.1 INTRODUCTION
The revitalization of Pancha…
13.0 Learning Outcome
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Initiatives towards Constitutional Status to Local Governance
13.2.1 Features of 73rd Constitutional Amendment
13.2.2 Features of 74th Constitutional Amendment
13.2.3 Decentralised Planning in Context of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
13.3 Initiatives after Economic Reforms
13.4 Functioning of PRIs in Various States after 73rd Amendment
13.5 Functioning of Local Governance after 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment: Observations
13.6 Conclusion
13.7 Key Concepts
13.8 References and Further Reading
13.9 Activities
13.0 LEARNING OUTCOME
After studying this Unit you should be able to:
• Identify the background of revitalisation of local governance;
• Understand the features of 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment;
• Discuss the initiatives after economic reforms; and
• Outlines the functioning of local governance in various states after the amendment.
13.1 INTRODUCTION
The revitalization of Pancha…
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